Delay replacement of gas-fired equipment with new gas-fired equipment as long as possible. Rebuild and maintain existing equipment until replacement. |
Replace all remaining non-LED lighting and include lighting controls at the time of retrofit. |
Seal rooftop bulkhead doors and windows. |
Add smoke-activated fire dampers or annealed glass to the elevator shaft vent grill in the elevator machine room. |
Install algorithmic controls on top of the existing boiler control system. |
Balance steam distribution systems: - Identify condensate return leaks
- Right-size air vents and master vents
- Ensure all radiators are properly draining condensate
- Ensure all steam traps are functioning properly
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Implement Radiator Efficiency and Controls Measures: - Install thermostatic radiator valves (TRV) where possible
- Install RadiatorLabs radiator cover systems where possible (integrate with algorithmic boiler control)
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Balance air supply and ventilation systems using proper air registers, louvers, dampers, and technology like Constant Airflow Regulator (CAR) dampers: - Need innovative methods of balancing temperature across commercial office floors (heat shifting and sharing from one building exposure to another: north vs. south)
- Balance air supply and return across vertical pressure gradients
- Seal vent stack perforations/leaks (mastic sealer)
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Increase efficiency of pumps and motors: - Add VFD controllers to all pumps and motors
- Replace rooftop exhaust fans (mushroom fans or similar) with electronic commutated motors (ECM)
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Implement algorithmic controls on top of existing Building Management Systems (BMS) in commercial office buildings. |
Hybrid Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Plants: Add DHW heat pump equipment to an existing gas-fired DHW plant - Consider the option to direct bathroom exhaust air to DHW heat pump equipment
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Install Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) system. |
Procure New York State-sourced renewable power. |
Procure biomethane from utility via pilot program. |
Procure renewable hydrogen blend from utility via pilot program. |
Develop innovative means of participating in gas demand response: - Delay boiler firing with controls or other means
- Procure biodiesel blend for fuel switching requirement
- Thermal storage and hybrid plants (electrification)
- DHW electrification (partial or full load)
- Split system or PTAC partial load heating electrification
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Add central-control compatible thermostats to apartments and office suites to control decentralized heating and cooling systems (heating, cooling) - Enable aggregate demand response activity
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Fully electrify DHW systems: - Air source DHW heat pump
- Resistance DHW
- High-efficiency thermal storage
- Supplement with solar thermal where compatible
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Overland/insulate masonry facades with high ongoing Local Law 11 cost. |
Eliminate uninsulated radiator cabinets/niches (in exterior walls) - Install wall-mounted slim radiators with TRV or other controls
- Install RadiatorLabs technology
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Begin routine window replacement plan with high-performance windows. |
Support cogen systems with biomethane (injection) procurement. |
Explore hydrogen (injection) procurement to support cogen and centralized heating plants. |
Develop on-site battery storage systems to manage building load profiles and reduce peak usage - Integrate with an existing on-site generation where compatible
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Increase thermal mass/thermal inertia and expand thermal storage capacity using Phase Change Material (PCM) products. Products currently include: ceiling tiles, wall panels, AHU inserts, thermal storage tank inserts: - Embrace overnight free cooling
- Shift loads associated with thermal demand
- Capture and store waste heat
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Implement centralized or in-building distributed thermal storage systems to shift thermal loads to off-peak periods |
Convert low-temperature heating distribution systems to shared loop systems or geothermal systems; building distribution is already optimized for low-temperature distribution: water source heat pumps, large surface area terminal units (radiant panels, underfloor heat, fan coils, etc.) - Interconnect with early shared loop system phases (private or utility-led)
- Eliminate cooling tower as a primary cooling system (may remain as a backup as feasible)
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Where necessary, convert high-temperature heating distribution systems to low-temperature distribution systems; systems converted from fin tube to radiant panels, fan coils, or water source heat pumps as feasible. - The supplement heat source for hydronic heat pumps with solar thermal technology (water source heat pumps)
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Embrace consumer products that reduce building loads and peak demand: - Appliances with onboard battery storage
- Networked smart appliances
- Power over Ethernet (PoE) DC-powered, low voltage products
- DC power distribution networks make use of on-site renewable energy and energy storage
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Advanced DC Collyer, Breesa (2012). DC Distribution Market, Benefits, and Opportunities in Residential and Commercial Buildings. Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Zero Net Energy Program. |
and AC/DC hybrid Power Distribution Systems May-Ostendorp, Peter (2013). DC power distribution in buildings. Xergy Consulting. |
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Install HVAC Load Reduction Technology: - Capture VOCs and CO2 in liquid sorbent
- Engage with the liquid sorbent management company to safely dispose of scrubbed gases (carbon sequestration, etc.)
- Using buildings hosts for negative carbon technology, focusing on direct air capture, is necessary to achieve larger decarbonization goals (carbon capture and sequestration)
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Electric Distribution Upgrade Needed: - Begin replacement of centralized heating systems with decentralized heating and cooling systems where appropriate. Technology includes: PTAC, VTAC, ducted PTAC, VRF, and similar technology.
- Replace stoves, ranges, and cooktops with electric equipment: resistance, convection, or induction.
- Integrate Building Distribution with an advanced electric vehicle (EV) charging network to provide power to parked EVs and to extract power at peak periods (EV owners opt-in for reduced parking rates, other benefits, etc.)
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Install multi-function glass during window or facade replacement: - Install building-integrated PV during facade retrofits
- PV glass
- Electrochromic glass
- Vacuum Insulated glass
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Install highly insulated panels at spandrels: - Vacuum insulated panels
- Aerogel insulated panels
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Replace cooling towers with advanced heat rejection technology: - Subambient (passive) radiative cooling technology
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Interconnect with 100% hydrogen distribution network |
Pair advanced, on-site battery storage systems with hydrogen fuel cells |
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