Large commercial and residential buildings must overcome various hurdles before implementing deep retrofits or capital projects that help achieve building decarbonization.








Access to Occupied Spaces.


Lease Concerns.


Regulatory Limitations - Rent Stabilized Apartments

  1. The building owner is required to provide free heat and hot water.
  2. No mechanism to recover investment in new systems is necessary to achieve decarbonization.
  3. Buildings are capital constrained


Split Incentives (tenants pays for energy).








Con Edison Steam: assume district steam system will decarbonize:


High temperature renewable resources are limited and face hurdles:
1Deep Bore Geothermal
2Renewable Hydrogen
3Carbon Capture and Sequestration
4Biomethane
5Electric Boilers
6High-temperature thermal storage
7Hight-temperature industrial heat pumps
8Waste Heat Capture and Reuse
9Fission



Barriers to Electrification:


Utility Capacity Limitations:
1Building Electric Capacity Upgrades
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