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The Resource Efficient Electrification (REE) method of building decarbonization incorporates strategic capital planning, an integrated design process, and an incremental, network-oriented approach to deliver building heating, cooling, and ventilation which:

  • requires limited or no combustion,
  • enables carbon neutrality,
  • is highly efficient at low design temperatures and during extreme weather,
  • is highly resilient, demand conscious, and energy grid-interactive,
  • reduces thermal waste by capturing as many on-site or nearby thermal flows as possible, and
  • incorporates realistic and flexible implementation strategies by optimizing and scheduling low carbon retrofits phase-in.



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The figure below illustrates a conceptual framework for accomplishing these objectives and overcoming the mental traps described in a previous page. Specific measures and sequencing will be highly bespoke for a given building, but engineers and their owner clients can use this bucketed “RRRR/R” framework to place actionable projects in context of an overarching decarbonization roadmap:


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Reduce

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  • Loads, with envelope improvements and advanced controls.
  • The use of steam-fed radiators and forced air by moving to hydronic and/or distributed systems.
  • Supply temperatures to ranges of optimal heat pump performance.

Recover

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  • Store heat where necessary.
  • Eliminate "economizer" waste. Rejecting heat is wasting energy.
  • Identify simultaneous or correlated heating & cooling opportunities within daily load profiles to create a thermal network
  • include other creative and opportunistic heat sources such as steam condensate return, ventilation exhaust, or data centers


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Replace

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  • Fossil combustion equipment with the appropriate heat pump technology(ies), to the degree techno-economically feasible, with emphasis on efficiently meeting the bulk of the building’s annual load.

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  • Not just 1:1 swap! REDUCE & RECOVER first, then size heat pumps to top-off the remaining heat/cool imbalance on a thermal network. 

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  • Peak condition challenges don’t have to prevent partial electrification and electrification enabling decisions today
  • Give separate consideration to challenging loads, extreme conditions
  • Retaining resilience & optionality in the transition

Renew

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  • Auxiliary heat supply to meet the most challenging load conditions as the need is fully understood and technically, economically and environmentally resilient.

Remove

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  • Redundant fossil heat capacity proven to be no longer necessary.





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