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Large commercial and residential buildings must overcome various hurdles= before implementing deep retrofits or capital projects that help achieve b= uilding decarbonization. In this section, we address technical barriers and= questions often faced by building owners and retrofit project developers.&= nbsp;
Access to Occupied Spaces.
Lease Concerns.
Regulatory Limitations - Rent Stabilized Apartments
Split Incentives (tenants pay for energy).
Work must be completed at the end of facade/window useful life; very lon= g useful life
Building code
Glazing reduction at odds with aesthetic/marketability concerns
Difficult installing with occupied spaces
Reduce Local Law 11 recurring cost via overcladding
Technology Limitations
Need higher R-value/inch for thinner wa= ll assembly:
= Vacuum insulated panels
= Aerogel panels/batts
= Zero-GWP blowing agents for closed cell spray foam (nitrogen blowing agent = needs to be more widely adopted)
Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV)
Rooftop Supply Air (Reznor) Unit Alternatives
HVAC Load Reduction (HLR) Technology
Central vs. Decentralized Ventilation Systems
Direct Outside Air System (DOAS)
Modular perimeter ducted air heat pumps= :
Ventilation Points-of-Entry
Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)
Regulatory risk from new refrigerant policies
PTAC and VTAC
Ducted Supply/Exhaust Air Source Heat Pumps
Domestic Hot Water
Central DHW Systems:
Performance not confirmed by independent third parties
More open-source interconnection between devices/interoperability is nee= ded to achieve energy distribution flexibility and capacity expansion:
Multi-purpose technology for heating, cooling, heat exchange and ventila= tion, filtration, and/or domestic hot water
Domestic production and supply chain is limited
Small players operating in this space
Technology is not tested over long operational periods
Green Hydrogen
Renewable Natural Gas
Biofuel
Biomethane
REC Purchasing
Deployment timeline is highly uncertain
Price per ton of carbon is highly uncertain and will likely be volatile/= low based on previous emissions trading scheme outcomes